Heart murmur in dogs: Causes, symptoms and essential care

  • A heart murmur is an abnormal sound in the heart, common in older dogs and some puppies.
  • It can be caused by valvular diseases, congenital heart disease or factors such as anemia and tachycardia.
  • Diagnosis includes echocardiograms, X-rays and blood tests, while treatment focuses on the underlying cause.
  • Preventive care such as regular check-ups and a proper diet improve the dog's quality of life.

Heart murmur in dogs

If you have an older dog, you may have heard of the heart murmur in dogs. Although it may sound alarming, it is a relatively common problem in older dogs and, in some cases, in puppies. In this article we will explain everything you need to know about heart murmurs, their causes and symptoms. causes, diagnosis, treatment and how to care for your pet.

What is a heart murmur in dogs?

Un heart murmur is an abnormal sound that the veterinarian detects when listening to a dog's heart. This sound is produced due to an alteration in the normal flow of blood. blood, which generates turbulence. In simple terms, it could be compared to the sound a river makes when it encounters an obstacle in its channel, generating a vibration or "whisper" audible with a stethoscope.

Heart murmurs can vary in intensity y tone, classifying itself in six degrees, where grade 1 is the mildest and barely perceptible, and grade 6 is the most intense and easily audible. It is important to understand that a murmur is not a disease in itself, but a symptom which may be related to various heart pathologies or other conditions.

Causes of heart murmur in dogs

There are multiple causes that can cause a heart murmur in dogs. These fall into two broad categories: congenital murmurs (present from birth) and acquired murmurs (which develop throughout the animal's life).

  • Valvular diseases: One of the most common causes is the degeneration or malfunction of the heart valves, especially the mitral valve, which affects small breed dogs older than 7 years.
  • Congenital heart disease: Some dogs are born with defects in the structures of the heart, such as pulmonary stenosis, patent ductus arteriosus or defects in the septums.
  • Anemia: The reduction in blood density can cause "physiological" heart murmurs, which disappear once the anemia is treated.
  • Tachycardia: An increase in heart rate can cause turbulence in the blood, generating a murmur.
  • Infections or inflammations: Endocarditis, an infection that affects the heart valves, can also be a trigger.

In puppies, murmurs are usually innocent and disappear before 4 months of age. However, monitoring is crucial to rule out congenital problems.

American Pit Bull

Symptoms associated with heart murmurs

Not all dogs with heart murmurs have obvious symptoms. However, in more severe cases, the following signs may appear:

  • Tiredness and weakness: The dog may show exercise intolerance or fatigue after moderate activities.
  • Difficulty breathing: Especially when doing physical efforts or at rest.
  • Persistent cough: Especially in dogs with heart failure.
  • Abdominal swelling: Caused by fluid accumulation (ascites).
  • Pale or bluish gums: This may be a sign of insufficient circulation.
  • Collapse or fainting: In severe cases, syncope may occur.

If you notice any of these signs For your pet, it is important to go to the vet as soon as possible.

Diagnosis of heart murmur

Diagnosis begins with listening to the heart with a stethoscope. If your veterinarian detects a murmur, he or she may recommend additional tests to determine its cause. cause y gravity:

  • Echocardiography: It allows to visualize the structures of the heart and evaluate its functionality.
  • Chest X-rays: They help detect heart enlargement or fluid buildup in the lungs.
  • Electrocardiogram: Records the electrical activity of the heart and detects arrhythmias.
  • Blood test: Useful for diagnosing conditions such as anemia or infections.

In some cases, more specific tests may be necessary, such as measurement of cardiac biomarkers (troponins or NT-proBNP).

There are many diseases that dogs can have

Treatment and management of heart murmur

The treatment does not focus on the murmur itself, but on the underlying cause. Options may include:

  • Medication: Drugs such as diuretics, ACE inhibitors or beta blockers to control heart failure.
  • Adjusted diet: Low sodium feeds to reduce fluid retention.
  • Surgery: In cases of congenital defects, such as patent ductus arteriosus.
  • Activity restriction: Avoid excessive exercise in dogs with heart failure.

The prognosis varies depending on the cause and severity of the murmur. With proper management, many dogs can lead normal, active lives.

Prevention and monitoring

Although not all heart murmurs can be prevented, there are steps you can take to help maintain your dog's heart health:

  • Regular checkups: Schedule regular check-ups with your veterinarian.
  • Adequate nutrition: Maintain a balanced diet and avoid obesity.
  • Control of predisposed breeds: Some breeds, such as Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and Dobermans, are at higher risk for heart problems.

Having a dog with a heart murmur doesn't mean that his quality of life should be compromised. With early diagnosis, proper treatment, and consistent care, your pet can remain a happy, healthy companion for many years to come. Always trust your veterinarian's judgment to make the best decisions for your dog.


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