El heat cycle in female dogs It is a completely natural, but also delicate, stage that involves changes Hormonal, Physical y of behaviorThese changes can cause discomfort such as spotting, increased urination, or unusual behaviors. All of this requires us to take certain precautions. special precautions and careIn order to achieve greater peace of mind for both us and our dog, we explain in detail what happens during heat, how to recognize each phase, and what care is most appropriate. In many cases, the approximate duration is discussed. 15 daysalthough the full period usually varies between two and four weeks, according to the dog.
When does the first heat appear and how often does it repeat?
El first heat It usually manifests itself, on average, between the 6 and 8 months of age in small breedsand can be delayed until around the 18-24 months in large breeds (Many sources cite around 24 months for large breeds). The exact age depends greatly on size and breed: small dogs usually mature earlier, while large breeds tend to mature later. It's important to understand that the first heat cycle indicates the puppy has entered her first sexual period. pubertyBut that doesn't mean it's completely mature on a sexual levelThis maturity is generally reached from the second or third heat.
In most cases, female dogs have two heats per yearthat is, approximately every six monthsalthough in some it only appears an annual heat and in others there may even be three or fourMost commonly, once the organism stabilizes, the interval between heats is fairly regular for each bitchIf you notice sudden changes in frequency, a prolonged absence of estrus, or very irregular cycles, it is advisable to consult with a veterinarian. veterinarian.
The heat period itself usually lasts between two and four weeks, although the dog He is not fertile all that timeThe period of peak fertility, when pregnancy is most likely, is usually around [age range missing]. last days of bleeding or just when it slows down, and usually ranges between 5 and 9 days, with individual variations.
Phases of the female dog's sexual cycle
The sexual cycle of the female dog is divided into four phases They are quite distinct, each with its own signs and handling needs. Understanding them will help you anticipate and better care for your companion.
1. The proestrus (between 7 and 10 days, although it can last up to 15): the vulva swells and the blood losswhich can range from a few drops to more noticeable bleeding. During this stage the female rejects sexual activityShe attracts males with her scent, but doesn't yet allow mounting and may growl or bite to prevent it. She often displays some behavior. more nervousIts appetite changes slightly, and it frequently licks its genital area to keep itself clean.
2. The estrus (between 5 and 15 days): it occurs ovulation and the dog enters her fertile period. During this phase, bleeding is common. decrease and become lighter, and the vulva remains swollen, but somewhat softer. During these days the female accepts contact with males And when she allows mounting, she usually moves her tail to one side and becomes more receptive and "flirtatious" with them. This is the period when extra precautions must be taken if pregnancy is not desired.
3. The metestrus or dexter (between 60 and 140 days): the female returns to refuse the mount and the males usually show less interest. This period corresponds to that of Pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding of bitches that have already mated, or to a slower hormonal resting phase in those that have not become pregnant. During this time, they may appear pseudopregnancies or phantom pregnancieswith nesting behavior, protectiveness of toys as if they were puppies, or even milk production, so it's advisable to watch for any abnormal signs. Some sources place the duration of metestrus around 110-140 daysso the figures may vary depending on the reference and the dog.
4. Anestrus: is the stage of sexual rest that occurs between one heat cycle and the next. It usually lasts around four monthswith no ovarian activity or external signs. It's an ideal time to discuss the matter with your veterinarian. sterilization If you don't want your dog to have litters, surgical risks are usually lower when hormones are more stable.
Symptoms of heat and behavioral changes
The entire cycle is marked by certain symptom which, in turn, require specific care. One of the most obvious signs is that the dog will urinate more than usualUrine contains pheromones which attract males and act as a form of marking. It's advisable to walk her more frequently, but always with belt and avoiding direct contact with unbred dogs if we don't want unwanted mating.
It may also be shown more nervous than usualwith mood swings, more affectionate or, on the contrary, more reserved and in need of privacySome female dogs have less appetiteOthers eat more, and in certain cases they may show more restless or wanting to escape to find males. It will be of great help, therefore, if we try not to disturb her during these days, to keep calm routines and offer you a comfortable and safe place to rest.
Another common sign is the excessive licking of the genital areadue to the secretions and the discomfort itself. inflamed vulva It might be noticeable, especially during the first heat, but it's usually a normal process. In any case, if you observe extreme swelling, very heavy bleeding, a foul odor, or intense pain, it's advisable to consult a veterinarian.
Hygiene, special panties and support products
During heat, some female dogs may stain the house with small drops of blood or discharge. To keep the home cleaner and the dog comfortable, we can use some special briefs for females in cellto prevent them from staining the house. They are usually made of nylon or other resistant fabrics. washable and adjustableand its price is usually affordable; in many models the price is around 10 euros. There are models reusable and also disposableas well as full-body diapers for female dogs that easily remove their panties. It is important to remember that They are not a method of contraception.A determined male may still attempt to mount, so they should never replace supervision.
In addition to panties, other items can be used bed protectorsWashable blankets and pet-specific cleaning products that help remove stains and odors are recommended. Some people apply strong-smelling substances, such as mentholated products, to the base of the tail to slightly mask the odor of being in heat; this may help somewhat, but should never be considered reliable protection against mounting.
On the other hand, it's better not to. Let's bathe them during the heat periodbecause the genital area is more exposed and more susceptible to injury infectionsBasic hygiene with specific wipes and thorough drying of the area are usually sufficient. If for some reason it is essential to bathe her, it should be done with lukewarm water, avoiding harsh soaps and drying the vulvar area very well.
Nutrition, exercise, and emotional well-being during heat
La eating It's key to keeping your dog healthy and energetic during her heat cycle. During this time, it's common for her to experience changes in appetite: some eat less, and others feel... more hungryIdeally, you should offer him a I think of high qualityRich in easily digestible protein, essential vitamins and minerals, and tailored to their size, age, and activity level. If you notice they're eating less, you can divide their daily ration into smaller portions, or rely on... healthy snacks or some wet food to stimulate appetite, always without exceeding their caloric needs to avoid weight gain.
La hydration It's equally important: make sure it always has fresh water availableThis helps regulate body temperature, supports kidney function, and keeps them active. Observing how much water your child drinks can also give you clues about their overall health.
As to exerciseIt's not necessary to stop feeding, but it's advisable to adjust it to how she feels. Some dogs are more lethargic and tired, while others maintain normal energy levels. It's recommended to focus on short and peaceful walksDuring cooler hours and in areas with fewer stray dogs. If you can't go out much, you can consider games at home olfactory toys or food puzzles to keep her entertained without overexciting her.
El emotional well This is also part of her care. During her heat cycle, it's important that your dog feels comfortable. safe and accompanied. Ensure she has a quiet place where she can escape the noise and visitors, respect her desire to sleep more if she needs to, and pay attention to any possible signs of Stress or anxiety. If you see her particularly restless, avoid sudden changes in routine and try to spend quality time with her, giving her gentle caresses and engaging in activities she enjoys.
Prevention of unwanted pregnancies and the role of sterilization
Finally, we must remain especially pay attention during the walk To prevent unwanted reproduction, it is essential not to leave the dog alone. unsupervised release In gardens, parks, or terraces: males can detect a female in heat from a great distance and will do everything possible to reach her. Always keep them away. doors and windows tightly closedespecially if there are uncontrolled dogs in the area, and take extra precautions if you live with a male at home, physically separating them throughout the fertile period.
If you don't intend for your dog to have puppies, it's advisable to discuss the option of [breeding/spaying] with your veterinarian. sterilizationThis intervention not only prevents jealousy and unwanted litters, but also helps to prevent health problems such as severe uterine infections (pyometra), recurrent phantom pregnancies, and certain hormone-dependent tumorsespecially when performed at the appropriate stage of development. Conversely, the following are not recommended: heat inhibitors nor routine abortion treatments, as they can promote uterine and mammary pathologies in the medium and long term and should only be considered in very specific situations and always under veterinary control.
With good information, some planning, and lots of observation, your dog's heat cycle can be experienced as a manageable and safe stageminimizing disruption at home and protecting your physical and emotional health.