La history of San Bernardo is fascinating and surrounded by speculation. Although its exact origin remains a matter of debate, this majestic breed is believed to have come from the ancient Roman Molossers, which were brought by the Roman army to Helvetia (today Switzerland). The descendants of these dogs gave rise not only to the Saint Bernard, but also to other breeds such as the Bernese Mountain Dog.
The origins and evolution of the Saint Bernard
From about 1000 AD, the ancestors of the Saint Bernard began to settle in the Swiss Alps. Their resistance to cold and physical strength made them ideal dogs for guarding, herding and rescue work. At that time they were known as Talhunds (valley dogs) or Bahuerhunds (farm dogs).
One of the factors that defined the history of this breed was its relationship with the Great Saint Bernard Hospice, founded in the 11th century by the Archdeacon Bernardo de MentónThis mountain refuge welcomed numerous dogs, who over time became essential aids in rescuing travelers trapped in the snow.
Barry, the most legendary Saint Bernard
Within the history of this breed, the figure of stands out Barry, a Saint Bernard born in the hospice in the early 19th century. It is estimated that he saved more than 40 people avalanches and extreme conditions. After his death, his body was preserved and is currently on display at the Natural History Museum of Bern.
Their recognition as a race
As time went by and infrastructure in the Alps improved, the need for rescue dogs decreased. However, the breed continued to evolve and in 1884 the first St. Bernard was officially registered, named León, in the Swiss Saint Bernard Dog ClubThree years later, in 1887, the breed was recognized as the national dog of Switzerland.
Physical characteristics and varieties
The Saint Bernard is a giant dog, with a weight that can reach 120 kgThere are two distinct varieties:
- Short-haired Saint Bernard: With a dense and smooth coat, more resistant to snow.
- Long-haired Saint Bernard: With a somewhat more wavy coat, the result of crosses with the Newfoundland in an attempt to improve their endurance.
The myth of the brandy barrel
One of the most popular myths about this breed is the image of the Saint Bernard carrying a brandy barrel around the neck to revive stranded travelers in the snow. However, this idea has no historical basis and comes from a painting by Edwin Landseer in 1820. To learn more about this myth, you can check out our article on The reality of the barrel myth in Saint Bernards.
The Saint Bernard in popular culture
Thanks to its size, nobility and fame as a rescuer, the Saint Bernard has occupied a special place in film and television. An example of this is the famous film Beethoven, which contributed to its worldwide popularity.
Special care for this breed
Due to its size and genetic predisposition, the Saint Bernard requires certain specific care:
- Balanced diet: It must be of high quality to avoid obesity, common in the breed.
- Moderate exercise: Despite its large size, it does not need intense exercise, but it does need regular walks.
- Coat care: Frequent brushing is essential, especially in the long-haired variety.
- Attention to health problems: They are prone to hip dysplasia and gastric torsion, common diseases in giant dogs.
The Saint Bernard has evolved from a working dog to a loyal and protective companion. Its impressive history and nobility make it one of the most iconic breeds in the world. If you are considering adding one to your family, you must be prepared to provide the necessary care and enjoy the company of one of the friendliest giants in the canine kingdom.
